- Revealing the mechanism of glial cell activity… expected to be used for treatment of dementia

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□ Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI, President Pann Ghill Suh) said on Nov. 5 that it was able to discover a substance that suppresses neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's dementia.

○ The findings were published in the November issue of 'Journal of Neuroinflammation', an international journal, and the authors' names and the title of the paper are as follows.
 * Paper: Dasatinib regulates LPS-induced microglial and astrocytic neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting AKT/STAT3 signaling
 * Authors: Ka-Young Ryu, Hyun-ju Lee (Co-1st author, KBRI), Hanwoong Woo, Ri-Jin Kang, Kyung-Min Han, HyunHee Park, Sang Min Lee, Ju-Young Lee, Yoo Joo Jeong, Hyun-Wook Nam (co-author, KBRI), Youngpyo Nam (co-corresponding author, KBRI), Hyang-Sook Hoe (corresponding author, KBRI)

□ There has been a steady stream of reports in the neuroscience community that confirm the fact that neuroinflammation is deeply associated with degenerative brain diseases such as dementia. As the excessive activation of glial cells* causes nerve damage and memory degeneration, controlling this is a major concern in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
 * Glial Cell: Cells that support tissues of the central nervous system. According to the form, it is divided into astrocyte and microglia.
 
□ A research team administered a drug to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (Dasatinib) to an animal model of neuroinflammation for two weeks, and found that both glial cell activity and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines* were decreased.
 * Pro-inflammatory cytokine: The agent that causes neuroinflammation. It is produced primarily by activated macrophage, and is involved in increasing the inflammatory response.

□ In addition, they found that STAT3* protein signaling, which increase of which has been observed in the blood and brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease, was inhibited in glial cells, thereby inhibiting the neuroinflammatiion.
 * STAT3: It is a protein that causes autoimmune diseases, and has attracted attention as a therapeutic target of various inflammations.

□ This research is meaningful in that the KBRI has revealed the efficacy and molecular mechanism by which treatment of leukemia can be used to suppress neuroinflammation through drug repositioning* method.
 * Drug Repositioning: A method to find new efficacy by re- uating a drug that failed in clinical trial phase due to lack of efficacy or presence of other drugs in the market.
 
○ As new targets are set for existing FDA-approved drugs, the use of these drugs in the treatment of inflammatory degenerative diseases will significantly reduce the cost and clinical trial time required for development of new drug.

□ Dr. Hyang-Sook Hoe, a corresponding author of the paper (Head of Research HQ of HBRI) said, “in the follow-up research, we will study the possibility of Dasatinib as a multi-target medicine that can simultaneously control several pathologies of Alzheimer's disease."